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First enter the term in the search box, then click “Search”
Then the applications will display the relevant terms related to the search keyword, you can use the expand and collapse icon at the top right corner of each term to read the description
When the related terms are more than one page, you can use the pagination at the bottom to see more results
You can change your search by changing the keywords, adding or removing filters, then click “Search” again
Law Notion – Research is a regulation intelligence application that enables user to explore regulations from different angles.
It is a web application offered through Software as a Service (SaaS) and users with different licenses have different access level to different functionalities of the web application.
There are currently 3 license levels: Basic, Standard and Advanced
Version 1.0
28th April, 2022
Version 1.0
28th April, 2022
We first extract raw data from the data source,
We transform and enrich the regulation data so that it could facilitate certain features (e.g. filters, grouping) in the application. The transformation and enrichment process include a series of data engineering and data science models.
For example:
We conduct periodic updates of the data i.e. extract new data from the data source and process them with transformation and encirclement as described in the above two section.
The process of new data extraction, transformation and enrichment can take a few days, then it will need to undergo a data quality assurance process which can take 1-2 weeks before we finalize the updated data and inject them into the application. Therefore, it can take approximately a month for new data to be processed and presented in the application.
Currency, the update frequency is monthly but we are aiming to increase it to bi-weekly going forward.
Version 2.0
Last Updated at 25th April, 2022
This privacy notice for Law Notion (“Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”) describes how and why we might collect, store, use, and/or share (“process”) your information when you use our services (“Services”).
Reading this privacy policy notice will help you understand your privacy rights and choices. If you do not agree with our policies and practices, please do not use our Service. If you still have any questions or concerns, please contact us at support@lawnotion.co.uk.
We collect personal information that you provide to us.
We collect personal information that you voluntarily provide to us when you register on the Services, express an interest in obtaining information about us or our products and Services, when you participate in activities on the Services, or otherwise when you contact us.
Sensitive Information. We do not process sensitive information.
Any personal information that you provide to us must be true, complete, and accurate, and you must notify us of any changes to such personal information.
Some information – such as your Internet Protocol (IP) address and/or browser and device characteristics – is collected automatically when you visit our Services.
We automatically collect certain information when you visit, use, or navigate the Services. This information does not reveal your specific identify (like your name or contact information) but many include device and usage information, such as your IP address, browser and device characteristics, operating system, language preferences, referring URLs, device name, country, location, information about how and when you use our Services, and other technical information. This information is primarily needed to maintain the security and operation of our Services, and for our internal analytics and reporting purposes.
Like many businesses, we also collect information through cookies and similar technologies.
We process your information to provide, improve, and administer our Services, communicate with you, for security and fraud prevention, and to comply with law. We may also process your information for other purposes with your consent.
We may share information in specific situations described in this section and/or with the following third parties:
We may need to share your personal information in the following situations”
We may use cookies and other tracking technologies to collect and store your information.
We may use cookies and similar tracking technologies (like web beacons and pixels) to access or store information. Specific information about how we use such technologies and how you can refuse certain cookies is set out in our Cookie Policy: https://lawnotion.co.uk/cookie-policy/
We may transfer, store, and process your information in countries other than your own.
We are based in the United Kingdom and our Services and data are hosted in Germany and Finland (EU Countries).
We keep your information as long as necessary to fulfill the purposes outlined in this privacy notice unless otherwise required by law.
We will only keep your personal information for as long as it is necessary for the purposes set out in this privacy notice, unless a longer retention period is required or permitted by law (such as tax, accounting, or other legal requirements).
When we have no ongoing legitimate business need to process your personal information, we will either delete or anonymize such information, or if this is not possible (for example, because your personal information has been stored in backup archives), then we will securely store your personal information and isolate it from any further processing until deletion is possible.
We do not knowingly collect data from or market to children under 18 years of age.
We do not knowingly solicit data from or market to children under 18 years of age. By using the Services, you represent that you are at least 18 or that you are the parent or guardian of such a minor and consent to such minor dependent’s use of the Services. If we learn that personal information from users less than 18 years of age has been collected, we will deactivate the account and take reasonable measures to promptly delete such data from our record. If you become aware of any data we may have collected from children under age 18, please contact us at support@lawnotion.co.uk.
You may review, change, or terminate your account at any time.
Withdrawing your consent: if we are relying on your consent to process your personal information, which may be expressed and/or implied consent depending on the applicable law, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time by contacting us at support@lawnotion.co.uk.
However, please note that this will not affect the lawfulness of the processing before its withdrawal, nor when applicable law allows, will it affect the processing of your personal information conducted in reliance on lawful process grounds other than consent,
If You would at any time like to review or change the information in your account or terminate your account, you can:
Upon your request to terminate your account, we will deactivate or delete your account and information from our active databases. However, we may retain some information in our files to prevent fraud, troubleshoot problems, assist with any investigations, enforce our legal terms and/or comply with applicable legal requirements.
Most web browsers and some mobile operating systems and mobile applications include a Do-Not-Track (“DNT”) feature or setting you can activate to signal your privacy preference not to have data about your online browsing activities monitored and collected. At this stage no uniform technology standard for recognising and implementing DNT signals has been finalized. As such, we do not currently respond to DNT browser signals or any other mechanism that automatically communicates your choice not to be tracked online. If a standard for online tracking is adopted that we must follow in the future, we will inform you about that practice in a revised version of this privacy notice.
Yes, we will update this notice as necessary to stay compliant with relevant laws.
We may update this privacy notice from time to time. The updated version will be indicated by an updated “Revised” date and the updated version will be effective as soon as it is accessible. If we make material changes to this privacy notice, we may notify you either by prominently posting a notice of such changes or by directly sending you a notification. We encourage you to review this privacy notice frequently to be informed of how we are protecting your information.
If you have any questions or comments about this notice, you may email us at support@lawnotion.co.uk.
Based on the applicable laws of your country, you may have the right to request access to the personal information we collect from you, change that information, or delete it in some circumstances. To request to review, update, or delete your personal information, please email us at support@lawnotion.co.uk
Version 1.0
5th August, 2021
Business regulatory requirements here mean the obligation and restrictions imposed on businesses from the regulation document, i.e. the sections/paragraphs in the regulations that specify what the businesses have to do and what the business cannot do.
In order to train the model to identify business regulatory requirements from the general text in the regulation document, we first ask the legal consultants to label a set of regulation documents indicating which sections/paragraphs are regulatory requirements for businesses. Using these data, we then developed two classification models and the average accuracy is 92.78%.
Version 1.0
4th August, 2021
The sector classification uses the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) from the Office for National Statistics (ONS):
There are 4 levels of SIC: Section > Division > Group > Class
This app is currently able to detect to the Group level.
There are in total 21 Sections, 99 Divisions and 250+Groups.
In order to provide training and validation data sets, legal consultants gave labels to regulations, indicating which SIC codes the regulation applies to. The data and labels are then used to train the classification using supervised Machine Learning approach, where paragraph text is combined with document title to enrich context information within each paragraph. Feature vectors used to represent textual content during classification are based on BERT state of the art natural language processing sentence vectoriser, and Multi Layer Perceptron classifier is used to perform classification.
For the SIC Groups that have a large amount of regulations describing them, we trained a series of binary MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron), one for each SIC group and it was able to predict 174 out of 265 SIC groups.
We have 2 ways to measure the accuracy of this methodology, one is on model level and one is one document level:
(1) Model level:
For each SIC group, we measure the accuracy of the binary model. For example, 98% accuracy of A011 means that for an A011 (Growing of non-perennial crops) binary classifier is 98% accurate in predicting whether a paragraph applies to A011 or not. A012 (Growing of perennial crops) binary classifier will also have its own accuracy etc.
The average accuracy of SIC Group prediction on model level is 96% (averaging performance of single SIC group models.
(2) Document level:
For each regulation document, we will run through the series of binary models and each model will give its opinion on whether they think that it applies to their sectors. The accuracy on the document level is generally lower than the model level because there are generally more sectors that apply to the document.
The methodology assigns a set of SIC groups to each document aggregating SIC group predictions from sections. The accuracy of the methodology of SIC group prediction on a document level is 84%.
For SIC Groups that don’t have large amounts of regulation mentioning them to train a supervised machine learning model, we used an anchor-based approach and cosine similarity with vectors generated from ONS SIC to identify paragraphs related to a specific SIC group. Post-validation was performed and only SIC groups with higher than 80% accuracy were kept.
For regulations that are not sector specific or have broad application (e.g. consumer protection, workers welfare, etc.), we used the mapping from the policy topics to assign applicable sectors to the regulations.
Most of the regulations on legislation.gov.uk from National Archives provide a (set of) Subject highlighting the key subject of a regulation. Some of the regulation subjects are sector-specific, for example, Agriculture, Contamination of food, and they are used to further refine the sector application of a regulation.
The Policy Topics are generated from our proprietary topic modelling algorithms using the Subject of regulations listed on legislation.gov.uk from the National Archives as the base. Some of the policy topics are sector specific, for example, Financial markets, Construction, and they are used to further refine the sector application of a regulation.
This application excludes the below 3 SIC sections because they are not business related.